Constipation

Constipation Treatment

What is Constipation?

Constipation are common digestive issues that can vary in severity and duration. Each condition has distinct symptoms and treatment approaches.

Symptoms

  • Infrequent bowel movements (less than 3 times per week)

  • Hard, dry, or lumpy stools

  • Difficulty or straining while passing stools

  • Feeling of incomplete evacuation

  • Abdominal bloating or discomfort

  • Nausea or decreased appetite (in some cases)

  • Needing to use manual maneuvers (e.g., pressing abdomen) to pass stool

Diagnosis

  • Medical History & Physical Exam:

    • Duration and pattern of constipation

    • Dietary habits, fluid intake, medications

    • Digital rectal examination (DRE)

  • Tests (if chronic or severe):

    • Blood Tests – to rule out thyroid issues, diabetes, etc.

    • Stool Test – to check for blood or infections

    • Colonoscopy or Sigmoidoscopy – to rule out structural issues or colon cancer

    • X-ray (Abdominal) – to detect stool build-up

    • Transit Studies (e.g., Sitz marker test) – to assess movement of stool through the colon

    • Anorectal Manometry – to evaluate rectal muscle function

Treatment

Lifestyle Changes:

  • Increase fiber intake (fruits, vegetables, whole grains – aim for 20–35g/day)

  • Drink plenty of water (6–8 glasses/day)

  • Regular physical activity

  • Do not ignore the urge to go to the toilet

  • Establish a regular toilet routine, preferably after meals

Medications:

  • Bulk-forming laxatives (e.g., psyllium husk)

  • Stool softeners (e.g., docusate)

  • Osmotic agents (e.g., polyethylene glycol, lactulose)

  • Stimulant laxatives (e.g., bisacodyl, senna) – short-term use only

  • Lubiprostone or Linaclotide – for chronic constipation or IBS-C

Other Interventions:

  • Biofeedback therapy – for pelvic floor dysfunction

  • Enemas or suppositories – for immediate relief in severe cases

  • Surgery – rare, used for structural abnormalities or severe chronic constipation